ls — List files in a directory.
ls [-l] [-a] [directory]
-lLong listing giving more information.
-aListing includes all files.
directoryDirectory to list.
This command produces a list of all the files in a given
directory, if no directory is specified then the present
working directory is shown. Example 12.1, “Using the cd and ls commands to navigate a filesystem” shows the listing of the
PWD.
Listing the “root” directory (ls /) lists all the available filesystems.
Example 12.2. Using the ls command
This shows a simple directory listing of the first hard disc partition with a filesystem.
>ls (hd0) lost+found etc media var usr bin boot dev home lib mnt proc root sbin tmp sys srv opt >
This shows a detailed directory listing of the first hard disc partition with a filesystem.
>ls -l -a (hd0) drwxr-xr-x 22 0 0 4096 . drwxr-xr-x 22 0 0 4096 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 49152 lost+found drwxr-xr-x 73 0 0 4096 etc drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 media drwxr-xr-x 13 0 0 4096 var drwxr-xr-x 12 0 0 4096 usr drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 bin drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 boot drwxr-xr-x 7 0 0 24576 dev drwxrwxr-x 5 0 50 4096 home drwxr-xr-x 9 0 0 4096 lib drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 mnt drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 proc drwxr-xr-x 5 0 0 4096 root drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 sbin drwxrwxrwx 4 0 0 4096 tmp drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 sys drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 srv drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 opt >
This shows the PWD being changed and the ls command used to display the directory contents.
>cd (hd0) >ls -l -a drwxr-xr-x 22 0 0 4096 . drwxr-xr-x 22 0 0 4096 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 49152 lost+found drwxr-xr-x 73 0 0 4096 etc drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 media drwxr-xr-x 13 0 0 4096 var drwxr-xr-x 12 0 0 4096 usr drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 bin drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 boot drwxr-xr-x 7 0 0 24576 dev drwxrwxr-x 5 0 50 4096 home drwxr-xr-x 9 0 0 4096 lib drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 mnt drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 proc drwxr-xr-x 5 0 0 4096 root drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 sbin drwxrwxrwx 4 0 0 4096 tmp drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 sys drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 srv drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 opt >